In this tutorial, you will learn a few quick ways to export PDF to Word. See how to convert the entire PDF file or its part manually or using free online converters, and how to turn a scanned.pdf document into an editable.doc file.As you probably know, the Portable Document Format (PDF), which is so popular these days, was introduced by Adobe as early as in 1990s. This format was developed as a way to share various documents, including formatting, tables and inline images, among users independent of their hardware, software and operating systems.In a couple of the recent tutorials, we have explored different ways to perform and conversions. But since the essential part of many PDF files is text, you may want to convert them into an editable Microsoft Word document rather than export to an Excel sheet.In this article, you will find several ways to export the contents of your PDF document to Word starting from manual copying / pasting to automatic bulk conversions.How to convert PDF to Word manuallyAs any 'manual' way of doing something, this method of converting PDF to Word takes a little time and data manipulation. However, an undisputable advantage is that you will need only the tools everyone has at hand - Adobe Reader (free version), any text editor, and Microsoft Excel. If someone does not have Adobe Reader yet, you can download the latest version.
Save a PDF as a text file.Open the PDF file in Adobe Reader and click the File menu Save As Other Text. Give the file a name and click Save.As you see in the screenshot above, Adobe Reader also has an option to save the file directly to Word Online, but regrettably, this feature works in paid subscriptions only. Copy the contents of the text file.Open the.txt file into which your PDF document has been converted in any text editor, e.g. Select all the text by pressing Ctrl + A, and then press Ctrl + C to copy it to the clipboard.3. Paste the copied text into Word.Open a blank Word document and paste the copied text there by pressing Ctrl + V. Alternatively, you can right-click anywhere in the document and select Paste from the context menu.4. Manipulate the Word document.Most often, you will need to add a few finishing touches to the resulting Word document, for example, properly align the text, set up the desired page layout, format, spacing etc.If the original PDF document contains a table, you may need to utilize Word's Table feature ( Insert tab Table) as demonstrated in Converting the copied data into a table.Advantages: a quick way to convert PDF to Word, no additional tools are required.Drawbacks: a PDF file is exported as plain text, all formatting is lost.
Export some part of the PDF document to WordIf you want to convert only some part of a large PDF file to Word, you can easily do this as well. In this case, you won't even need an intermediate text editor - simply open the PDF document in Adobe Reader, select the text you wish to export, copy it and paste into a Word document.
If someone needs the detailed steps, here you go: 1. Select the text you want to convert to Word.Open the PDF file in Adobe Reader, or any other PDF viewer, select the text you want to convert to Word using the mouse, and then press Ctrl + C to copy it to the clipboard. Alternatively, you can right-click the selection and choose Copy from the context menu.2. Paste the copied text into a Word document.Open a blank Word document, and paste the copied text there in one of the following ways:.
Press Ctrl + V to paste the copied text (without formatting). Right-click anywhere in the document and select Paste from the context menu. Click the Paste button on the ribbon and choose an appropriate Paste Option: keep source formatting, merge formatting or paste text only. If you are unsure which one will work better for you, hover over each of the paste options, and you will immediately see how the pasted text is going to appear in the Word document.Naturally, nothing prevents you from exporting the entire PDF file to Word in this way. However, if you are converting a large PDF, it might be a bit burdensome to select multiple pages using the mouse, which is why might be a quicker way in this case.Advantages: you can import PDF to Word as plain text or keep the source formatting, no additional tools are required.Drawbacks: takes a little time to select the text with the mouse.
How to open a PDF in Word 2013Very few users know that with Word 2013, you don't need any special techniques or third party programs to convert a PDF into a Word document and edit its content.You simply open a PDF document like any other.doc or.docx file by clicking File Open. Then choose the file location by clicking Browse and double-click on the file to open it.When opening the first PDF file, you will see a message explaining that the resulting Word document might not look exactly as the original PDF file.Here is a list of basic document elements that may not be converted correctly: tables with cell spacing, page colors and borders, frames, tracked changes, footnotes and endnotes, PDF bookmarks, comments and tags, audio, video, PDF active elements and some other. Besides that, Microsoft Word 2013 does not have an, which is why scanned PDFs are opened as non-editable images.As you see, the list of limitations is pretty long. On the other hand, who can point out any software or that impeccably handles all this stuff?: )Advantages: fastest way to export simple text PDF files into Word 2013; you will have the best results with files imported to PDF directly from Word or Excel (any version).Drawbacks: a resulting Word document might not look exactly the same as the original PDF file (pages might break at different places, long paragraphs might be split into a few small ones, etc.). The whole page might show up as an image if your PDF contains mostly charts and other graphics. Online PDF to Word convertersThese days there exist a great lot of online PDF to Word converters that can export a PDF file into Word (.doc,.docx or.rtf) without installing any program on your computer.However, please be aware that many so-called 'free online PDF to Word converters' are conditionally free, because they have a limit to the number of free conversions per a certain period and delays to convert another file.
Also, there is a massive difference in the quality of results.In the previous article, we have reviewed a few most popular online PDF converters that can turn your PDF into Excel. You may want to check them out because the same services can also convert PDF to DOC.And now, let me present you a few online services that specialize in PDF to Word conversions. But first, let's have a quick look at two PDF files we want to export to Word.
PDF files to be converted to WordTo check the capabilities of online PDF to Word converters, I've selected the following PDF documents: 1. A simple PDF file - EULA on a company's letterhead.2. A more complex PDF file with a few sophisticatedly formatted tables.This is actually a PDF invoice containing the buyer and seller details as well as information about the purchase items.Nitro Cloud - PDF to Word online converteris a big name in PDF software, so I felt I should start with it. The Nitro Cloud online converter can turn your PDFs into Word, Excel, PowerPoint as well as in the opposite direction.
The result is sent to you by email.Almost always their conversions are great, and so are the limitations of the free version, alas. The commercial Nitro Pro software for desktop is also available, you can download a 14-day trial version using the above link.Result: Great at converting simple PDF documents that contain nothing more than text, basic tables or forms, not very good at rendering interactive forms and complex tables.Our (EULA) was exported flawlessly and very close to the original PDF format, the company's logo and other details were converted into the non-editable (image) header and footer of the Word document. The conversion of was much poorer - the text and numbers were converted correctly, but the tables' formatting was mangled like in.Limitations: 5 PDF to DOC conversions per month.
Since conversions are tied to an email, an easy way to get another five is to provide an alternative email address. By signing up for a free account, you will get 5 more free PDF to Word conversions and the option to connect Nitro Cloud to online storages such as Dropbox, Google Drive or OneDrive, sign and share your PDFs. The file limit is 50 pages and under 5MB. PDFOnline - another free PDF to Word converter onlineThe converter specializes solely in PDF to Word and Word to PDF conversions. It differs from many counterparts in the way that it won't ask for your email address but rather lets you download the output document from the web-site.After uploading and converting your PDF document, a preview window will show how the output Word document is going to look like.
Pressing the Download button gives you three options - download as a Word document, a zipped HTML page, or re-download the PDF file.Pay attention that the output Word file is neither.docx nor.doc, it is a Rich Text File (.rtf). Naturally, after downloading the file to your computer, you can easily save it as Word Document (.docx) or Word 97-2003 Document (.doc) using Microsoft Word's 'Save As' feature.Result: This online PDF to Word converter produces a very faithful rendition of the, all text and formatting is retained. The was converted far worse, the tables' formatting was distorted even to a bigger extent than by.Limitations: Apart from the file limit of 5MB, none that I am aware of. Zamzar - all in one free online converterconverter supports 1200 different file types, including PDF, various Microsoft Office formats, audio, video, e-books, documents, etc. A really nice feature is that you can drag-and-drop files instead of browsing for them as well as upload a file from the web by specifying its URL. Another benefit is the ability to convert up to 10 files simultaneously (even more with paid subscriptions).PDF files can be converted nearly to 30 different formats, including Microsoft Word compatible formats of DOC, DOCX and RTF, you can find a list of all supported formats. The resulting file will be emailed to you as soon as the conversion is complete.
One drawback is that each conversion is delivered separately, even if you have uploaded multiple files at a time.Result: Fairly good with simple PDF files. When converting more complex documents, you may end up having poor text formatting and badly drawn forms and tables.Limitations: Compared to online PDF converters, it has a very generous file size limit - up to 100MB, which could be increased up to 2GB with paid subscriptions. A paid account also gives you bulk conversions, a personal inbox and online storage, from 5 to 100 GB, depending on which plan you choose. A list of commercial plans is available. Convert.Files - free online file converteris another universal online file converter that works with a wide range of file types from PDF and DOC to audio, video, archives, images and e-books.
Apart from uploading files from your computer, you can also convert a file from the internet by supplying its URL.Convert.Files has a couple of specialized online services that may also prove useful:. optical character recognition service to convert scanned PDFs and images. removes passwords and restrictions of PDF files.Results: Similarly to other PDF to Word online converters - very good with a simple text PDF, not so good with sophisticated tables. Additional observations: handles interactive forms much better than other free online converters, but isn't so accurate in rendering text formatting and layout, occasionally fails to correctly justify and position text inside multiple cells.Limitations: A huge file size limit of 250 MB covers almost all needs, maybe except for the most enormous files. The only drawback is that a PDF cannot be converted to the modern Word format (.docx), only Word 2003.doc is available.
Of course, it's no biggie to save it as.docx later directly in Microsoft Word. Easy PDF Cloud - online service to store, merge and convert PDFsoffers something different from what other free online PDF conversion services provide. It is designed as a cloud service to store, convert and merge your PDFs. The output Word file (.docx) can be kept in your online storage or downloaded to your computer.
This service can also create PDF files from other formats such as Excel or PowerPoint.They also provide optional integration with Dropbox. If you opt in, EasyPDFCloud will monitor your Dropbox folders and automatically convert uploaded PDF files to Word. Another unique feature is the ability to create workflows, which basically means chaining certain operations together, e.g. Convert a PDF to Word and then to Image.Result: Performed almost exactly the same as the previous ones.Limitations: As a non-registered guest, you can upload just 1 file under 2MB. A free account increases the max file size up to 5MB and gives you 50MB of online storage. An account also gives you the ability to upload 10 files at a time instead of just one.
You can check out their for full details.Well, we have reviewed five online PDF to Word converts that are arguably one of the best performers in the industry. You can find plenty more on the web, probably hundreds, by typing something like 'free online pdf to word converter' in your favorite search engine. Convert PDF to Word using Adobe AcrobatIf you have to perform fast and professional Word to PDF conversions on a daily basis, either a or will hardly suffice. The former provides very few options to configure the resulting Word document, while the latter is too slow and has too many limitations.Much better results can be achieved by using Adobe Acrobat XI Pro. Of course, it is not a cheap piece of software, but if your goal is to create slick PDF files as well as convert PDFs to different Microsoft Office formats, it is definitely worth your attention. If you want to give it a try, you can download a 30-day evaluation version.Converting.pdf to.doc or.docx using Adobe Acrobat takes a few seconds and 4 steps. Open the PDF file in Acrobat XI Pro as usual by clicking File Open.
Navigate to Tools Content Editing Export File to. Microsoft Word Document (or Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document if someone still uses those old versions).If working with the main menu is more convenient to you, click File Save as Other. Remarkably useful article, unmatched, sublime! I am a national award winning author finishing a major book www.davidloye.com/darwin in Word Perfect 7,coverted to PDF, desperate to find PDF to Word converter that will provide way to handle end notes.Can you help or direct me toward potential professinal expert with expertize to do this?Publication of major trade book on discovery of the long buried rest of the Darwin of love and the moral sense versus the global devastation of the now powerfully entrenched survival of the fittest/selfish genes mindset.Will in immense gratitude will add you to acknowledments.David Loye. Under this topic, I would recommend PDF WIZ (www dot starzsoft doc com/pdf-converter/).The advantage of this tool is that you can use it offline and it's completely free. You don't have to register or pay to get access to all its features.
You can have a safer experience converting your files, since compared to online converters, PDF WIZ won't require its users to upload files to its server, which is quite risky when it comes to documents that contain sensitive personal/business information. Using PDF WIZ will free you of such concerns.Just share this cool and free pdf converter here in case anyone would like to give it a try.
U.S.OccupationWriter, pastorSignatureCharles Taze Russell (February 16, 1852 – October 31, 1916), or Pastor Russell, was an American Christian from, Pennsylvania, and founder of what is now known as the. After his death, and numerous independent Bible Student groups developed from this base.In July 1879, Russell began publishing a monthly religious magazine,. In 1881 he co-founded with as president; in 1884 the corporation was officially registered, with Russell as president. Russell wrote many articles, books, tracts, pamphlets and sermons, totaling approximately 50,000 printed pages. From 1886 to 1904, he published a six-volume Bible study series originally titled Millennial Dawn, later renamed, nearly 20 million copies of which were printed and distributed around the world in several languages during his lifetime. (A seventh volume was commissioned by his successor as society president, and published in 1917.) The Watch Tower Society ceased publication of Russell's writings in 1927, though his books are still published by several independent groups.After Russell's death, a arose surrounding Rutherford's leadership of the society, culminating in a movement-wide schism.
As many as three-quarters of the approximately 50,000 Bible Students who had been associating in 1917 had left by 1931. This shift resulted in the formation of several groups that retained variations on the name. Those who maintained fellowship with the Watch Tower Society adopted the name Jehovah's witnesses in 1931, while those who severed ties with the Society formed their own groups including the in 1918, the in 1919, and the in 1929.Charles Taze Russell was born to parents, immigrant Joseph Lytel Russell (1813–1897) and Ann Eliza Birney (1825–1861), on February 16, 1852 in.
Russell was the second of five children, of whom two survived into adulthood. His mother died when he was 9 years old.The Russells lived for a time in before moving to Pittsburgh, where they became members of the. When Charles was in his early teens, his father made him partner of his Pittsburgh store. By age twelve, Russell was writing business contracts for customers and given charge of some of his father's other clothing stores. At age thirteen, Russell left the Presbyterian Church to join the.
In his youth he was known to chalk Bible verses on fence boards and city sidewalks in an attempt to convert unbelievers; he particularly noted the punishment of hell awaiting the unfaithful.At age sixteen, a discussion with a childhood friend on faults perceived in Christianity (such as contradictions in, along with medieval traditions) led Russell to question his faith. He investigated various other religions, but concluded that they did not provide the answers he was seeking. In 1870, at age eighteen, he attended a presentation by minister. Russell later said that, although he had not entirely agreed with Wendell's arguments, the presentation had inspired him with a renewed zeal and belief that the Bible is the word of God. Marriage On March 13, 1879, Russell married Maria Frances Ackley (; 1850–1938) after a few months' acquaintance. The couple separated in 1897.
Russell blamed the marriage breakup on disagreements over Maria Russell's insistence on a greater editorial role in Zion's Watch Tower magazine. A later court judgment noted that he had labelled the marriage 'a mistake' three years before the dispute over her editorial ambitions had arisen. Maria Russell filed a suit for legal separation in the Court of Common Pleas at Pittsburgh in June 1903 and three years later filed for divorce under the claim of mental cruelty. She was granted a, with alimony, in 1908.
Maria Russell died at the age of 88 in, Florida on March 12, 1938 from complications related to. Ministry Russell was a charismatic figure, but claimed no special revelation or vision for his teachings and no special authority on his own behalf. He stated that he did not seek to found a new denomination, but intended to gather together those who were seeking the truth of God's Word 'during this harvest time'. He wrote that the 'clear unfolding of truth' within his teachings was due to 'the simple fact that God's due time has come; and if I did not speak, and no other agent could be found, the very stones would cry out.'
He viewed himself—and all other Christians anointed with the Holy Spirit—as 'God's mouthpiece' and an ambassador of Christ. Later in his career he accepted without protest that many Bible Students viewed him as the ' of Matthew 24:45. After his death, the Watch Tower said that he had been made 'ruler of all the Lord's goods'. Beginnings Part of onOverview.About 1870, Russell and his father established a group with a number of acquaintances to undertake an analytical study of the Bible and the origins of Christian doctrine, creed, and tradition. The group, strongly influenced by the writings of ministers and, who were also frequent attendees, concluded that many of the primary doctrines of the established churches, including the Trinity, hellfire, and inherent immortality of the soul, were not substantiated by the scriptures.Around January 1876 Russell received a copy of Nelson Barbour's Herald of the Morning in the mail.
Barbour was an influential Adventist writer and publisher. Russell telegraphed Barbour to set up a meeting. Barbour and John Henry Paton visited in Allegheny in March 1876 at Russell's expense so that he could hear their arguments, and compare the conclusions that each side had made in their studies. Russell sponsored a speech by Barbour in St. George's Hall, Philadelphia in August 1876 and attended other lectures by Barbour.Among the teachings Barbour introduced was the view that Christians who had died would be raised in April 1878.
Russell, who had previously rejected prophetic chronology, was moved to devote his life to what he was convinced were now the last two years before the invisible, spiritual return of Christ. He sold his five clothing stores for approximately $300,000 (current value $7,203,000). With Russell's encouragement and financial backing, Barbour wrote an outline of their views in, published in 1877.
A text Russell had previously written, titled The Object and Manner of our Lord's Return, was published concurrently through the offices of the Herald of the Morning. Russell was eager to lead a Christian revival and called two separate meetings of Christian leaders in Pittsburgh. Russell's ideas, particularly stressing the imminence of the and the second advent of Christ, were rejected both times.
Split with Barbour. A simplified chart of historical developments of major groups within Bible StudentsWhen 1878 arrived, failure of the expected rapture brought great disappointment for Barbour and Russell, and their associates and readers. But one of Russell's associates claimed that Russell was not upset.While talking with Russell about the events of 1878, I told him that Pittsburgh papers had reported he was on the Sixth Street bridge dressed in a white robe on the night of the Memorial of Christ's death, expecting to be taken to heaven together with many others. I asked him, 'Is that correct?' Russell laughed heartily and said: 'I was in bed that night between 10:30 and 11:00 P.M. However, some of the more radical ones might have been there, but I was not. Neither did I expect to be taken to heaven at that time, for I felt there was much work to be done preaching the Kingdom message to the peoples of the earth before the church would be taken away.
—Confused by what was perceived to be an error in calculation, Russell re-examined the doctrine to see if he could determine whether it had biblical origins or was simply Christian tradition. He concluded that the doctrine was Christian tradition. Through the pages of the Herald, he wrote about what he had concluded on the subject. Barbour, embarrassed by the failure of their expectations, rejected Russell's explanation. They conducted a debate in successive issues of the journal from early 1878 to mid-1879.
In a matter of months, Barbour changed some of the views which he and Russell had previously shared, and no longer relied on prophetic chronology. They began to debate over the issue of 'Christ's ransom,' and the two eventually separated because of their disagreements.Russell withdrew his financial support and started his own journal, Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, publishing his first issue in July 1879. Barbour formed The Church of the Strangers that same year, continuing to publish Herald of the Morning. Watch Tower Society In 1881, Russell founded, with as president and Russell as secretary-treasurer; they intended to disseminate tracts, papers, doctrinal treatises and Bibles.
All materials were printed and bound by Russell's privately owned Tower Publishing Company for an agreed price, then distributed. The Society was in 1884, with Russell as president, and in 1886 its name was changed to Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society.In 1908, Russell transferred the headquarters of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society to, New York where it remained until 2016, when it was relocated to.Publications With the formation of the Watch Tower Society, Russell intensified his ministry. His Bible study group had grown to hundreds of local members, with followers throughout, the, and elsewhere. They annually re-elected him 'Pastor', and commonly referred to him as 'Pastor Russell'. Congregations that eventually formed in other nations also followed this tradition.In 1881, Russell published his first work to gain wide distribution: Food for Thinking Christians. The 162-page 'pamphlet' was published using donated funds amounting to approximately $40,000 (current value $1,059,724).
It had a circulation of nearly 1.5 million copies over a period of four months distributed throughout the United States, Canada and Great Britain by various channels. During the same year he published Tabernacle and its Teachings which was quickly expanded and reissued as Tabernacle Shadows of the 'Better Sacrifices', outlining his interpretation of the various animal sacrifices and tabernacle ceremonies instituted. Russell claimed that the distribution of these works and other tracts by the Watch Tower Society during 1881 exceeded by eight times that of the for the year 1880.In 1903, newspapers began publishing his written sermons. These newspaper sermons were syndicated worldwide in as many as 4,000 newspapers, eventually reaching an estimated readership of some 15 million in the United States and Canada.In 1910 the secular journal calculated that by 1909, Russell's writings had become the most widely distributed, privately produced English-language works in the United States. It said that the entire corpus of his works were the third most circulated on earth, after the Bible and the Chinese Almanac. In 1912 The Continent, a Presbyterian journal, stated that in North America Russell's writings had achieved a greater circulation 'than the combined circulation of the writings of all the priests and preachers in North America.'
Russell also had many critics, and he was frequently described as a in this period. Studies in the Scriptures Russell devoted nearly a tenth of his fortune, along with contributed funds, in publishing and distributing Food for Thinking Christians in 1881. That year he also published The Tabernacle and its Teachings and Tabernacle Shadows of the Better Sacrifices. In 1886, after reportedly not making back most of the money spent publishing these three titles, he began publication of what was intended to be a seven-volume series. The volumes were collectively called Millennial Dawn, later renamed to clarify that they were not novels.
Russell published six volumes in the series:. The Plan of the Ages – later renamed The Divine Plan of the Ages (1886).
The Time is at Hand (1889). Thy Kingdom Come (1891). The Day of Vengeance – later renamed The Battle of Armageddon (1897). The At-one-ment Between God and Men (1899). The New Creation (1904)The delayed publication of the seventh volume became a source of great anticipation and mystery among Bible Students.
Following Russell's death in 1916, a seventh volume titled The Finished Mystery was published in 1917; this was advertised as his 'posthumous work'. This seventh volume was a detailed interpretation of the, but also included interpretations of and the. Controversy quickly surrounded both its publication and content. It soon became known that much of the contents were written and compiled by two of Russell's associates, and, and edited by, by then the new president of the Watch Tower Society. Photo Drama of Creation. Main article:Russell directed the production of a worldwide roadshow presentation titled, an innovative eight-hour religious film in four parts.
It was the first major screenplay to incorporate synchronized sound, moving film, and color slides. Production began as early as 1912, and the Drama was introduced in 1914 by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. A book by the same name was also published. The project's expenses put the organization under some financial pressures; the full cost was estimated at about US$300,000 (current value $7,660,000). This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( September 2019) Theology and teachings Following his analytical examination of the Bible, Russell and other Bible Students came to believe that Christian creeds and traditions were harmful errors.
They thought their own work was restoring Christianity to the purity of its first century. Many Church leaders and scholars in his day considered this to be heresy. Russell agreed with other Protestants on the primacy of the Bible, and justification by faith alone, but thought that errors had been introduced in interpretation.
Russell agreed with many 19th-century Protestants, including, in the concept of a that began in the first century AD. He also agreed with many other contemporary Protestants in belief in the imminent of Christ, and.His Scriptural interpretations differed from those of Catholics, and many Protestants, in the following areas. The Chart of the Ages. He said there was a heavenly resurrection of 144,000 righteous, as well as a 'great multitude', but believed that the remainder of mankind slept in death, awaiting an earthly resurrection, rather than suffering in a literal Hell. The. Russell believed in the divinity of Christ, but differed from orthodoxy by teaching Jesus had received that divinity as a gift from the Father after dying on the cross. He also taught that the Holy Spirit is not a person, but the manifestation of God's power.
Christ's. Russell believed that Christ had returned invisibly in October 1874, and that he had been since that date. He believed that a 'time of trouble' began then that would mark a gradual deterioration of civilized society leading up to the end of the ' with a climactic multi-national attack on a restored Israel, worldwide anarchy, and the sudden destruction of all world governments in October 1914. After the outbreak of, Russell reinterpreted 1914 as the beginning of. Following views first taught by Christian writers such as, and, Russell believed that was built by the (associated to the ) under God's direction, but to be understood only in our day. He adopted and used Seiss's phrase, referring to it as 'the Bible in stone'. He believed that certain biblical texts, including Isaiah 19:19–20 and others, prophesied a future understanding of the Great Pyramid.
He believed that the various ascending and descending passages represented the fall of man, the provision of the, the death of Christ, the exultation of the saints in heaven, etc. Calculations were made using the pattern of an inch per year. Dates such as 1874, 1914, and 1918 were purported to have been found through the study of this monument. Expanding upon an idea suggested by Nelson Barbour, Russell taught as early as 1879 that God's favor had been restored to as the result of a prophetic 'double' which had ended in 1878 (favor from to Jesus, then disfavor from Jesus until 1878). In 1910, he conducted a meeting at the Theatre, with thousands of Jews attending. Jews and Christians alike were shocked by his teaching that Jews should not convert to Christianity.
Russell believed that the land of belonged exclusively to the Jewish race, that God was now calling them back to their land, and that they would be the center of earthly leadership under God's Kingdom. Early in Russell's ministry, he speculated that the Jews would possibly flock to Palestine and form their own nation by the year 1910. Shortly before his death, he used the Jewish press to stress that 1914 prophetically marked the time when Gentile nations no longer had earthly authority; he said that all Jews were, from that time onward, permitted and guided by God to gather to Palestine and boldly reclaim the land for themselves. In writings as early as 1883 (and through to the end of his life), Russell repeatedly expressed the view that the world's climate would gradually change as a prelude to the re-establishment of Eden-like conditions. and the. 'Russell attacked Spiritualism (which he called Spiritism)'.Death.
Russell's tombstone in, PennsylvaniaRussell's health had become increasingly poor in the last three years leading up to his death. During his final ministerial tour of the western and southwestern United States, he became increasingly ill with, but ignored advice to abandon the tour.
He was increasingly ill and weak during his last week. Russell died on October 31, 1916 at age 64 near, while returning to Brooklyn by train. An associate of Russell's stated that at age 64 his body was more worn out than that of his father who died at age 89. He was buried in United Cemetery, Pittsburgh. The gravesite ( vide coordinates above) is marked by a headstone; nearby stands a 7-foot-tall (2.1 m) pyramid memorial erected by the in 1921.
Further information:In January 1917, was elected president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, despite disputes over the election process. Further disputes arose over interpretation of sections of Russell's will dealing with the future contents of Zion's Watch Tower magazine, as well as who, if anyone, had authority to print new literature. By the end of the 1920s, nearly three-quarters of the Bible Student congregations had rejected Rutherford's on-going changes in organizational structure, doctrinal interpretations, and congregational practices, some of which began to appear in material printed by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society as early as 1917. Many Bible Students were disaffected by Rutherford's rejection of Russell's views regarding his role in the restoration of the 'truth' and support of the as having been built under God's direction.Those remaining supportive of Rutherford adopted the new name ' in 1931. They renamed their magazine as The Watchtower. Many of the most prominent Bible Students who had left the society held their own meeting in October 1929 to gather other dissenters; the First Annual Bible Students Reunion Convention was held in the old Pittsburgh 'Bible House' long used by Russell.
These conventions were held yearly, but the process of 'regathering' took nearly twenty years. Controversies Leadership style As early as 1892, Russell's views and management style were strongly criticized by certain individuals associated with his ministry. In 1893 a paper was written and circulated to in Pittsburgh by associates Otto van Zech, Elmer Bryan, J. Rogers, Paul Koetitz, and others. It accused Russell of being a dictatorial leader, a shrewd businessman who appeared eager to collect funds from the selling of the books, of cheating one of them financially, and of issuing thousands of Millennial Dawn books under a female pseudonym. Russell wrote a booklet A Conspiracy Exposed and Harvest Siftings in response, issuing it as an extra to the April 1894 Zion's Watch Tower magazine.
He intended to pre-empt efforts by his critics to circulate their views to a wider audience of Bible Students. Russell printed copies of letters he had received from these former associates to show that their claims were false, and that those involved 'were guided by Satan in an attempt to subvert his work' as a 'minister of the gospel'.
Allegation of immoral conduct In 1897 Russell's wife, Maria, left him after a disagreement over the management of Zion's Watch Tower magazine. According to Russell's successor, she believed that, as his wife, she should have equal control over its administration and equal privilege in writing articles, preaching, and traveling abroad as his representative. In 1903 she filed for legal separation on the grounds of mental cruelty, referring to forced celibacy and frequent cold, indifferent treatment by him. The separation was granted in 1906, with Russell charged to pay alimony.During the trial Mrs. Russell's attorney alleged that in 1894 Mr.
Russell had engaged in 'improper intimacy' with Rose Ball, by then a 25-year-old woman. The Russells had cared for her as a foster daughter said to be an orphan. Russell alleged that Ball had told her Mr. Russell claimed to be an amorous 'jellyfish floating around' to different women until someone responded to his advances. Russell denied the accusations and said he had never used such language to describe himself. When the judge asked Mrs. Russell if she was accusing her husband of adultery, she replied, 'No'.The Washington Post and the Mission Friend of Chicago reprinted the 'jellyfish' story while also accusing Russell of immoral conduct.
Russell sued the papers for libel; the jury decided in his favor, awarding him one dollar. Following an appeal, Russell received a cash settlement of $15,000 (current value $427,000) plus court costs, and an agreement that the two papers publish his weekly syndicated sermons as well as a retraction defending his character.Rose Ball later married and lived in Australia.
As Rose Ball Henninges, she died November 22, 1950 at the age of 81 in. For several years she had written articles for The People's Paper and was associated with the Bible Students in Australia until her death. 'Miracle Wheat'. Miracle wheat ( Triticum turgidum var. Mirabile)On March 22, 1911, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle reported that Russell was accused of gaining profit from a strain of wheat named 'Miracle Wheat' by K.B.
Stoner of, who claimed to have discovered this strain. Russell sold the wheat for $60 per bushel, far above the average cost of wheat at the time. Throughout 1912 and 1913, the Eagle continued to report on Russell's alleged fraud. Russell sued the Eagle for libel, but lost. A government expert investigated the 'Miracle Wheat' and said it 'was low in the Government tests'.
Prior to entering the court, the Eagle declared that 'at the trial it will show that 'Pastor' Russell's religious cult is nothing more than a money-making scheme.' Russell defended himself publicly, and in writing, claiming that the wheat was donated to the Watch Tower Society. He said that although sold for $1 per pound, Mr. Stoner allegedly routinely sold it for a $1.25 per pound.
Russell claimed to have no financial connection to the wheat, and said that no one claimed a refund although he had offered one for up to a year later for any who were dissatisfied with their purchase. In 1975, the Watch Tower Society stated that gross receipts from the 'Miracle Wheat' fundraiser totaled 'about $1800' (current value $49,000), of which 'Russell himself did not get a penny'.
It also said that 'the Society itself made no claim for the wheat on its own knowledge and the money received went as a donation into Christian missionary work.' Qualifications In June 1912 Rev. Ross (1871–1935), Pastor of the James Street Baptist Church in, published and widely distributed a four-page leaflet titled, Some Facts about the Self-Styled 'Pastor' Charles T.
Russell (of Millennial Dawn Fame). He alleged that Russell was involved in questionable business practices, had defrauded his estranged wife, and denounced his qualifications, legitimacy and moral example as a Pastor. Russell, in turn, sued Ross for defamatory libel on December 2, 1912. After several delays the case came before Police Court Magistrate G. Jelfs on March 17, 1913. During cross-examination Russell said that he had attended public school for seven years, having left when he was about fourteen years of age, after which he received instruction through private tutors.
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He said that he was versed in Latin terms 'to an extent' but did not know Hebrew or Greek, that he had never been ordained by any bishop or minister, and had never attended a theological seminary or any schools of higher learning. The Hamilton and Toronto Ontario newspapers reported the claims made by Ross and provided a brief outline of the court proceedings. They did not refer to any alleged misconduct on the part of Russell. They criticized Ross for having fled Ontario when summoned and not being present during any of the court proceedings.On April 1, 1913 the High Court of Ontario returned a verdict of 'No Bill' ruling that Russell was not entitled to damages because, the libel was not likely to result in any violence within Canada. Following the libel case, Ross published an expanded edition of 48-pages titled, Some Facts and More Facts about the Self-Styled 'Pastor' Charles T. Russell (of Millennial Dawn Fame). In this work, Ross claimed that during the proceedings on March 17, 1913, Russell had repeatedly lied under oath by affirming that he was ordained, but denying the same when cross-examined, by affirming that he knew the Greek language, but when shown by Counselor Staunton an extract from the New Testament in Greek by &, he was unable to recognize it, and that he had not been divorced from his wife, but retracted the statement under cross-examination.
In response, Russell stated through various printed and public sources that he had never claimed knowledge of the Greek language, merely the alphabet and that early Christians were also criticized by the religious authorities for being unlearned and ignorant. He believed that his ordination was 'of God' according to the biblical pattern, not requiring any denominational approval or theological training. He suggested that his annual election as 'Pastor' by over 500 congregations worldwide constituted him as properly ordained. Russell contended that Ross and others were attacking him because they were unable to answer his theological arguments, preferring instead to resort to slander and character assassination. Use of Masonic symbolism Some have claimed that various symbols Russell employed in his published literature are Masonic in nature, and that such associations implied he engaged in occult activity. In later editions of the series a winged solar disk was stamped on the front cover, a symbol that is also associated with Freemasonry. However, Russell's use of the originated from his understanding of Malachi 4:2, which denotes a sun with wings, as a symbol that Christ's millennial Kingdom had begun to emerge.
Some critics also claim that the pyramid near Russell's gravesite is Masonic, because of its shape and its use of the symbol, although this remains disputed. The Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon has said that Russell was not a Freemason, and notes that these symbols under discussion used are not exclusive to Masonry but pre-date the fraternity.In June 1913, during a transcontinental speaking tour, Russell lectured in a Masonic hall in San Francisco, saying:Although I have never been a Mason.
Something I do seems to be the same as Masons do, I don't know what it is; but they often give me all kinds of and I give them back, then I tell them I don't know anything about it except just a few grips that have come to me naturally.Throughout his ministry he said that he believed Christian identity is incompatible with Freemasonry. He described Freemasonry, and other such groups as 'grievous evils' and 'unclean'.
See also.References. Wikiquote has quotations related to:Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Official website of Jehovah's Witnesses.
Pastor Russell website., A. Macmillan, (1957)., December 1, 1916., Chicago, 1917., July 1, 1879, Supplement., 1919. – information page at the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh's website. – Database of Russell's writings.
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from Biblestudents.com. November 7, 14, 21 and 28, 1916 articles 'Regarding the Death and Burial of, and Memorial Services for, Pastor Russell'. from Barbara G. Harrison's Visions of Glory: A History and a Memory of Jehovah's Witnesses, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1978. See also chapters and. 1974 Bob Chastain, Master's ThesisPreceded byPresident ofDecember 15, 1884 – October 31, 1916Succeeded.